No, you cannot achieve infinitely high resolution by taking an infinite number of images and analyzing how light falls between pixels. The resolution is always limited by the lens’s ability to resolve details. This limitation is fundamental to the glass and construction of the lens. For instance, if you have a 300mm lens and the image is blurry, sub-pixel aligning multiple images will not make the result any sharper.

Additionally, beyond the lens’s limitations, one must also consider atmospheric effects. The air is constantly in motion, refracting light in all directions. This limitation is especially noticeable when photographing toward the horizon.